1. Parkinson´s disease (tremor artuum): This is the most common disease with the central nervous system denatured; most of the patients are middle-aged or elderly. The substantia nigra cells are located in the mesencephalon area and when the pathology changes, this leads to dopamine synthesis reduction, inhibition of the functioning of acetylcholine, and the relative increase of acetylcholine excitation. These imbalances result in "tremor artuum."

The patient´´s clinical performance includes increased tension in all four limbs, trembling of the hands, balanced function reduction, gravity anteversion and "flustered gait."

Therefore, in recovery training, primary focus is on alleviating the trembling of the patient´´s four limbs, increasing the patient´´s muscular strength in the upper limbs, improving muscular control of the upper limbs, improving balance through the use of the balance plate, bobath ball and other tools, and getting to the point where the patient´´s balance is good enough without the need for support. Furthermore, the patient´´s gate is continuously corrected throughout the course of treatment. The patient is also trained to restore oscillation arm functioning when walking.

 

2. Multiple system atrophy: The causes are unclear. This is a multiple-spot nervous system denatured disease; it affects the extrapyramidal system, pyramidal system, the cerebellum and the parasympathetic system, and so on. Multiple system atrophy involves corpus striatum- substantia nigral denaturation which mainly presents with Parkinson´´s type symptoms, Chinese olive - pons - cerebellum atrophy as well as parasympathetic system´´s functional barrier, which mainly presents with Shy-Drager syndrome.

MSA patients´´clinical symptoms are similar to those of Parkinson´´s patients. Therefore, the training method is also quite similar. We can arrange some recreational activities according to the patient´´s particular case, but we recognize that some MSA patients may be presented with body posture hypotension, which is different with Parkinson´´s patients.

 

 

 

3. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common type of motoneuron disease. It affects the ventricolumna cells, brain stem, coordination, movement, nerve nucleus and pyramidal tract. There will initially be damage to the upper motor neurons or lower motor neurons, eventually leading to the development of lower motor neuronal lesions.

Patient´´s clinical presentation includes muscular atrophy, decreased muscular strength; some patients may also have anarthria, difficulty with swallowing and chewing, tongue amyotrophy and affective disturbance. Treatment will focus mainly on enhancing the patient´´s muscular strength through support training as well as methods designed to restore language and swallowing functioning.

All three are characterized as nervous system diseases, and the cause and mechanisms of all three diseases is not explicit. During the recovery treatment, besides the symptomatic treatment, communication with the patient is extremely important. It is also important to encourage the patient to set realistic goals. All three of these diseases may have a relation to long-term nutrition imbalance; therefore serious consideration goes into planning each patient´´s diet.

Our comprehensive treatment plan is focused on improving the overall quality of life for each patient.